نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
پژوهشگر موسسه دین پژوهی التوحید
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
The concepts of jihad and martyrdom in the Islamic revelatory tradition are among the most fundamental identity-forming markers in the life of the Muslim community (ummah). In connection with the role of “scholars engaged in jihad,” particularly Martyr Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and the eminent religious authority Ayatollah al-Sayyid Ali al-Sistani, these concepts not only shape the community’s epistemic orientation but also safeguard its spiritual and social capital. In recent decades, however, the emergence of secular and atheistic spiritual movements seeking to offer non-revelatory interpretations of spiritual experience has led to the redefinition and, at times, the emptying of these concepts of their original meaning. Drawing on individualism, subjectivism, radical humanism, and the rejection of revelatory authority, these discourses reduce concepts such as jihad from their domain of collective mission and moral responsibility to a form of “struggle against inner obstacles,” “self-actualization,” or a private experience devoid of social significance. They similarly recast martyrdom as “psychological liberation” or a symbolic or psychological form of “meaningful death.”
Employing critical discourse analysis, this article first examines the epistemological frameworks of secular spiritualities and then demonstrates how these movements, by rejecting revelatory authority and undermining the position of scholars engaged in jihad, redefine the social functions of jihad and martyrdom in the life of the Muslim community, displacing religious scholars from their roles as legitimate religious authorities and collective role models. It subsequently analyzes the implications of this process for contemporary understandings of religious resistance, social cohesion, and the transmission of the intellectual and jihadi legacy of religious scholars, particularly Martyr al-Sadr and the religious establishment of Najaf.
The findings indicate that this spiritualist redefinition, by individualizing the concepts of jihad and martyrdom, leads to the gradual erasure of the historical and civilizational role of scholars engaged in jihad and reduces religious authority from an “active social agent of resistance” to an “individual spiritual guide.”
کلیدواژهها [English]
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